#23, December 6, 2003
Mario and the Magicians
I had been
asked to write a paper for an edited volume called After the Imperial Turn. My
intention had been to write a piece (which I believe I am still working on)
that linked Progressive social reform back to Emancipation predicaments,
beginning with Daniel T. Rodgers’ Atlantic
Crossings and winding its way back to Eric Foner’s Nothing But Freedom. A car accident intervened, however, and I was
laid up during the Spring of 2001 recovering from a broken neck. The deadline was approaching fast and I could
not imagine how I was going to finish the essay I had promised to write. Fortunately, two things came together to help
me produce a paper, albeit a rather different one from the one I had initially
conceived of writing. First, the report
from the OAH-NYU "Internationalizing American History" project
arrived on my doorstep, and secondly, some rather effective psychedelic
painkillers allowed me to cut through all my inhibitions and write down what I
really thought of this mailing. Within a
couple of days I had written "Making the World Safe for American
History," a rather biting response to the OAH-NYU pamphlet, and an essay
that possibly fit the projected volume better than my original idea would have
done. I provide an excerpt below to give
you a taste of it, though the meat of the critique is available only in the
Duke University Press volume (2002) edited by Antoinette Burton.
Like
myself he was half American, and here I must resist
the temptation to digress on a fascinating topic:
Sir Harold Mario
Mitchell Acton, Memoirs of an Aesthete[1]
Never
judging a book by its cover is not always to be trusted as a sound rule. For the Report La Pietra, judging by the cover seems only fair, and for most
people it may be a time-saving device.
It is fair since the lavishness of the pamphlet’s presentation is
intended to make an impression, albeit a positive one. What follows is the impression it made on me:
The
pamphlet’s cover presents us with the title of the pamphlet, an interesting
photograph of Villa La Pietra (with Greco-Roman statues on the imposing gate),
and mention of sponsorship by the OAH.
Right from the get-go, this identification between a project on
internationalizing the study of American history and an Italian villa seems
rather an unfortunate lapse. When we
learn, by turning to the Preface, that this connection is by design not
misfortune, we certainly have to wonder whether we need to read further. This is from the preface:
The
title [of the report] is taken from the Villa La Pietra, where the
international body of historians who participated in the project met. It was thought appropriate, given the theme
of the project, to meet abroad, and the availability of meeting facilities at
Villa La Pietra,
On
the surface, convening a meeting overseas for a conference on
internationalizing of American History seems like a sensible plan. In fact, though, internationalizing American
History might be more effectively demonstrated by endeavoring to bring out the
global buried within the local. Of
course, attempting this, perhaps by holding the conference in one of the less
attractive locations in the
But
even if we accept the need for a foreign venue, we need to ask ourselves
whether this was indeed either the most convenient or the cheapest one? It was certainly one that most Americanists
would find attractive and to which they would wish to travel. It was also readily available through the
auspices of NYU, which had been given the building for the purpose of holding
international conferences. But, even if
it were truly the most convenient (which I doubt), is convenience always to
override the importance of avoiding a symbolic Euro-American bias that such a
venue might signify?
More
than convenience, however, the preface continues by letting us know of the
villa’s own symbolic credentials:
In
fact, the recent history of the villa illustrates in its own way the
transnational theme of the conferences.
The villa was given to NYU by Sir Harold Acton, whose father had
purchased it after marrying an American woman from
So,
dare we suggest a subconscious desire to revive the great Anglo-American
marriage lurking beneath this enterprise?
If this is the extent of our internationalization –- an Italian villa,
purchased by what appears to be an Englishman, with American money –- then we
haven’t advanced very far from the beginning of this century, when such arrangements
fed the dreams of many an Anglo-American racial supremacist: a Theodore
Roosevelt, a Winston Churchill, or a W.T. Stead (all of whom were chart busters
in the globalization business).[4]
But,
if we listen closely, we may hear rumblings of a text lying dormant beneath the
weight of this preface. First, we may
learn from Sir Harold’s memoirs that, in fact, the Mitchell money that bought
La Pietra was from Chicago rather than Cleveland, which, as the “capital of the
West” back then, may perhaps do more for our globalizing sensibilities than
But
the magic of the transnational embodied in Sir Harold’s aesthetics is present
neither in the cover of this report, which gives no signal beyond the
Euro-American, nor in the material that lies within. For, this conference was constructed on a
foundation made up of that steely alliance of Academy and Foundation – what we
will for convenience dub the Foundation-Academy-Complex (FAC). Scholars of un-American history will remember
that it was the FAC which brought us (with heavy State Department and CIA
backing) Area Studies. Indeed, the FAC
was able to establish conformity over intellectual endeavors in quite
formidable ways, as witnessed in the emergence of the
Let’s
be honest now. My real beef with the
OAH’s conference on internationalizing the study of American history at La
Pietra was that I wasn’t a participant. Had
I been invited, let’s face it, I would be endorsing
the La Pietra report in a snap, like all the other worthies on the participant
list. Maybe – maybe not!
[2] La Pietra Report, p. 3
[3]Ibid.
[4] See, for example, W.T. Stead, The Americanization of the World (NY: Garland, 1972 [1902]).
[5] Acton writes: “My grandfather, William Mitchell, had taken an active part in Chicago’s growth, having founded the Illinois Trust and Savings Bank and a large family, ramifications of which spread to Hawaii, Spain, and, in our case Italy.’ He was however, “remote from the vulgar conception of a Chicagoan;” Memoirs, p. 18.
[6] Evelyn Waugh, Brideshead Revisited (
[7] Now available from the
[8] The report’s author acknowledges the Ford Foundation’s efforts to “rethink area studies;” p. 24.